Anti-Colonization
反殖民
This paper is about where the main line of the whole series begins. The main line of this series is one sentence: Hold to anti-colonization inwardly, strive for cultivation outwardly. A person who lives by his own law may have come by a road like this: he once lived by other people's rules, and at that time the rules from outside settled in without meeting resistance; he also once had a set of his own, but used it to measure others. Anti-colonization, in action, begins as a not-doing: not doing what others use to colonize him, and not taking as his own the views others use to colonize him; this not-doing does not need him to know first what his own law is. Colonization has two branches: the one that presses on him from outside can be read by others; the one he has come to believe himself only he can find, and that second branch is left to Paper 3. On such a road, not-doing comes first and recognizing his own cannot-not-doing comes after; this is an order along this road, not an entailment; what he recognizes is his own law, not something retrieved and not something anyone taught him. On the premise that he still takes others as ends too, in recognizing his own he recognizes at the same time that another person's share of cannot-not is not given by anyone else and can only be set by that person himself; anti-colonization therefore also opposes the colonizing act that holds down another person's legislating for himself. What it opposes is the act: it does not judge another person's heart for him, does not legislate for him, and does not take the occasion to measure people by one's own rules. Inwardly the word is "hold to," because colonization can keep coming back; outwardly the word is "strive for," because cultivation depends on the other person; both halves come from one and the same recognition: oneself is an end, and others are ends too. The two halves are two lines that run through the whole series; they do not cut the nine papers into a first part and a second part.
Introduction
On that day in Paper 1, the man who prepares the reports was asked by his manager to recalculate a metric on a different basis, and he did not switch the basis (Paper 1). It was not the first time someone had asked him to change the basis.
In the year he joined this company, it had happened once before. The figures in the month-end report did not look good, and his team lead said to switch to another method of calculation, since everyone did it that way. He switched, without thinking much about it. In those years he also believed a saying: only those rated first tier are good employees. When he measured himself, that ranking was what he measured by.
Later he came to have a set of his own. That a report be accurate, and that its basis stay consistent from one period to the next: these he had accepted for himself, and if anyone again asked him to change the basis on a whim, he would push back. But in those years he also used this set to measure the people who were new to his group. When someone's basis did not line up from one period to the next, he told his manager that this person was no good; when reports were due in a rush, he scheduled other people's weekends into the work as well, as if those people were hands for his set of rules.
Later still came that day in Paper 1. He did not change the basis, and he went and told the other team; he also protected the young colleague who had made the first draft the way his manager wanted it.
This paper looks back along that road. Paper 1 set down the sentence pattern of the whole series: when a person makes a decision, what he does is negate; he negates doing, or he negates not doing (Paper 1, D1, D2). This paper describes where, in one person, this pattern is first put to use: in anti-colonization. The main line of this series is one sentence: Hold to anti-colonization inwardly, strive for cultivation outwardly. This paper describes how the first half begins, and also how it joins the second half.
The question this paper answers is this: how does a person who lives by his own law walk out of other people's rules, and once he is out, what is there, toward himself and toward others, that he cannot cancel? The answer comes in five steps. §1 is about the road he came by; §2 says that it begins with a not-doing; §3 says that after the not-doing he recognizes his own cannot-not-doing; §4 says that others have their own cannot-not-doing too, and that anti-colonization therefore also opposes others being colonized; §5 is about the main line of the whole series. The whole paper has five propositions (D8–D12), listed together at the end. The text names no outside theorists and cites no historical events; the conclusions of the upstream papers are restated only in plain words, with the paper and place noted in parentheses; how this paper connects with existing theories is left to Paper 0.
§1 The Road He Came By
A person who lives by his own law may have come by a road like this.
In his first few years at the company, the rules from outside came in and met almost nothing. When the team lead said to change the basis, he changed it; when the company said only first-tier people were good employees, he believed it. It was not that he had chosen these rules. This system describes it exactly: when a person's own law has not yet emerged, rules from outside settle in without meeting any resistance from within, and they seem to fit perfectly; it is not that he chose them, but that he does not yet have anything to choose with (Moral Law P9 §2.4). Value Theory has also described what this looks like: in some matter, the thoughts that can surface in a person all issue from one place, and that place is not himself (Value Theory P3 V31). In those years, on the question of what a good employee is, the only thing that could surface in his mind was that ranking.
Later he came to have a set of his own. This set was his. It was a set of rules, and also a picture of what someone who prepares reports is like, but it was one he had accepted himself; when other people's rules pressed in again, they would run into it (Moral Law P9 §2.5). With this set, he could no longer be pushed around so easily. The set also had a side he could not see: he used it to measure others, and took them for hands that would carry the set through. This system says that seeing others this way is often not a matter of malice; it is simply what that way of seeing people is like (Moral Law P9 §2.3).
Later still, he saw that others had their own share too. The people on the other team, the young colleague, the new hire who came later: each had things of their own that they cared about, and none of them was material for his set.
Not everyone walks this road to the end. This system has written that a person may, within his own lifetime, walk one stretch of it; this is not universal, and many people stay in the same place all along (Moral Law P6 §2.3). Whether someone has walked all of it is not something this series uses to rank people high or low; it says only that a person who lives by his own law may have a road like this behind him, and the road this paper follows is the one the man who prepares the reports walked. That on this road he was pushed around by others, and also pushed others around, is nothing to hide. The non-fabrication that Paper 3 speaks of holds here as well: what was done is said to have been done (Paper 3, D18).
D8 A person who lives by his own law may have come by a road like this: he once lived by other people's rules, and once measured others by his own; this road is not used to rank people, and it is not one that everyone necessarily travels.
§2 First, a Not-Doing
On that day in Paper 1, the first thing he did was a not-doing: he did not switch.
The anti-colonization this paper speaks of begins, in action, as a not-doing like this. This system defines colonization in a single sentence: replacing another's own law with one's own purposes (Moral Law P9, Abstract). Brought down to one person, it brings two things with it. One is a deed: others want him to do it, and if he does it, other people's purposes have taken the place of his own law. The other is a view: others want him to accept it, and if he accepts it, he has let other people's measure legislate for him. So the not-doing of anti-colonization also has these two parts: not doing what others use to colonize him; not taking as his own the views others use to colonize him. Paper 1 has said that what is struck out may be something to be done, and may also be a way of regarding something (Paper 1, D1).
This not-doing does not need him to know first what his own law is. Paper 1 has also said that not-doing does not need a goal affirmed beforehand (Paper 1, D1). That day, when he did not change the basis, he may not yet have been able to say clearly what he wanted; he had only recognized that to change it this time would be to let a year-end ranking decide for him what kind of person he was to become. Striking out came first; looking further came after.
The view was struck out in the same way. At the end of that year, because of that report, he was rated third tier (Paper 3, §1). He still looked at the ranking, and still knew that it set his bonus; only he no longer measured himself by the saying "only those rated first tier are good employees." The ranking was still there, and the saying was still in other people's mouths; what was struck out was the position it held in him, the position of legislating for him.
Recognizing colonization is sometimes easy and sometimes hard. Value Theory divides colonization into two branches (Value Theory P3 V29). In one, something presses on him from outside: a claim is laid on him, he denies it, and his denial cannot get through; this branch lies between him and others, and others can read it. In the other, he has come to believe it himself: something counts for him, but what holds it up is in fact a warrant from outside, and he has not seen this; this branch only he himself can find. The time he was asked to change the basis belonged to the first branch, and it could be seen. The saying "only those rated first tier are good employees" stayed in his mind for years, and it belonged to the second: no one was pressing on him; he had come to believe it himself. What Paper 3 describes is mostly the second branch: not being able to tell at the time, and looking back after the fact (Paper 3, D16, D17).
Nor is anti-colonization a refusal of everything from outside. He can still listen to outside evaluations, use them, and let them change him; what is negated is only the position of legislating for him (Paper 3, D13). That a person changes his mind, or comes to care about different things, is not in itself evidence that he has been colonized; Value Theory states plainly that change is evidence that the position is open (Value Theory P3 V34).
D9 Anti-colonization, in action, begins as a not-doing: not doing what others use to colonize him, and not taking as his own the views others use to colonize him; this not-doing does not need him to know first what his own law is.
§3 After Not-Doing, Recognizing One's Own Cannot-Not-Doing
Having left the basis unchanged, he then did something else: he went and told the other team (Paper 1). That, he said later, was something he could not not do.
What is described here is an order: on his road, not-doing came first and recognizing his own cannot-not-doing came after. Paper 1 says that not-doing and cannot-not-doing are two acts, and neither follows from the other (Paper 1, D3). The order here does not mean that the first entailed the second; it is the sequence in which this person came along. First he struck out what was pressing on him; that place was cleared; and only then did what he himself could not not do slowly become clear to him. This is not an order that everyone passes through; other people's roads can be different.
Recognizing is not retrieving: it is not a self long buried and waiting for him to dig it out; it can be arriving in place for the first time (Paper 3, D15). Nor is it something anyone taught him: this system says that "I cannot not" is not something the transfer of information can pass on; it can only occur from within (Economics P3 §5.1).
What he recognized was his own law. He came to know later that what he cared about was that the people who read the reports not be led astray by the numbers (Paper 8). This was his.
Having his own law was not yet the end of the road. §1 spoke of the years when he had a set of his own and used it to measure others. No longer being colonized oneself and not colonizing others are two different things.
D10 On such a road, not-doing comes first and recognizing his own cannot-not-doing comes after; this is an order along this road, not one thing entailing the other; what he recognizes is his own law.
§4 Others Have Their Own Cannot-Not-Doing Too
That day, he also thought of the young colleague. She had made the first draft the way his manager wanted, and once the matter came out, she was the one most likely to be pushed forward to take the blame. He protected her (Paper 1, §2).
In recognizing his own cannot-not-doing, he recognized at the same time that another person's share of cannot-not is not his to give; it can only be set by that other person himself. What the people on the other team wanted, what the young colleague cared about, were not material for his set. This step has a premise: he still takes others as ends too. This premise is not derived from recognizing his own law. Value Theory puts this precisely: another person can have values of his own, and this is not anyone else's to give; once a person accepts this, it becomes one of the values he holds as his own (Value Theory P6 V73). This series does not establish this again; it only takes it as a premise (Prequel, §4). The previous section said that one's own law is recognized by oneself; this section says that the other person's share is likewise set by that person himself. What he recognizes is that the source of that share lies with the other person, not what the share contains.
A few days later, the young colleague said to him: "The manager told me to change it, so I changed it; everyone does it that way." He had said the same thing himself in his first year at the company. He did not say to her, "You have been colonized." He went to his manager and said that the first draft had been made the way the manager wanted, and that this could not be put on her alone; he also told her about the time in his first year when he had changed the basis, and when he had finished, he did not draw the conclusion for her.
So anti-colonization does not stop at not being colonized oneself. The foundational paper of this system sets down only one moral law: "Cannot not oppose the suppression of any subject's remainder." It also states plainly that this law is for oneself, not for others: its direction is universal, but its binding force falls only on the person who holds it (A16 §3.2). Where this law meets colonization, the same paper has also written: when one colonizes another person with one's own purposes, then, seen from the position that takes people as ends, the evil lies in suppressing that person's remainder (A16 §3.6). To set another person's law for him by one's own purposes is to hold down exactly his share of legislating for himself. So, put into this series' own words: a person who lives by his own law not only does not do what others use to colonize him, but also opposes the colonizing act that holds down another person's legislating for himself.
Opposing others being colonized has three boundaries.
First, what is opposed is the colonizing act; it is not judging for another person what he has inwardly accepted. Of the two branches in §2, the one that presses on him from outside can be read by others and can be opposed; the one he has come to believe himself only he can find, and all others can do is offer a view (Value Theory P3 V29; Paper 3, §5). When he went to his manager, he was opposing the act; when he told his own story, he was offering a view.
Second, opposing others being colonized is not legislating for them. Once one has pushed away what was pressing on a person, where he goes is his own affair (Paper 6, D35; Paper 9, §5).
Third, opposing others being colonized does not take the occasion to measure people by one's own rules. §1 described those years of his: his own set was very firm, and he used it to measure others. If anti-colonization turns into using one's own law to decide right and wrong for others, it has gone back to those years. To make oneself into the colonizing side in order to deal with the colonizing side is what Paper 9 calls mirror assimilation (Paper 9, D55).
Paper 7 and Paper 9 describe the ways of opposing: protection, resistance and guarding; Paper 6 describes not colonizing and cultivation.
D11 On the premise that he still takes others as ends too, in recognizing his own cannot-not-doing he recognizes at the same time that another person's share of cannot-not is not given by anyone else and can only be set by that person himself. Anti-colonization therefore does not stop at not being colonized oneself; it also opposes the colonizing act that holds down another person's legislating for himself. What it opposes is the act: it does not judge for another what he has inwardly accepted, does not legislate for him, and does not use this opposition to measure people by one's own rules.
§5 Hold to Anti-Colonization Inwardly, Strive for Cultivation Outwardly
Hold to anti-colonization inwardly, strive for cultivation outwardly: this is the main line of this series.
The first half says "hold to." Anti-colonization toward oneself has no day on which it is done. Rules from outside are always there, and they can come in again under another name, by another road; what has entered the heart is not thereby already his law (Paper 3, D14); habit makes some not-doings cheap and others dear (Paper 4, D20). So inwardly the word is "hold to."
The second half says "strive for." Toward others, not colonizing cannot be cancelled; cultivation is a direction, and it depends on the other person being willing to receive it, being suited to receive it, and the time being ripe; these three cannot be answered in his place (Paper 6, D33, D34). So outwardly the word is "strive for," not "guarantee." Opposing others being colonized is part of striving for cultivation: first what presses on a person is moved aside, and only then does his own law have room to unfold.
This line also shows the course of the whole series. Paper 3 to Paper 5 mainly unfold it on the side of a person himself: Paper 3 describes how a person acts when he cannot tell, and how he looks back afterward; Paper 4, can and cannot; Paper 5, how one's own value unfolds. Paper 6 to Paper 9 mainly carry it into others and shared life: Paper 6 describes not legislating for others, not colonizing, and cultivation; Paper 7, living by one's own law where things are mixed; Paper 8, finding one another; Paper 9, one's own share of strength, and guarding. These are where the papers mainly stand; they do not cut the nine papers into two halves. Outwardly there is still anti-colonization: §4 of this paper is exactly that, and this strand is present too in Paper 7's protection and resistance and in Paper 9's guarding. Inwardly, too, cultivating others can send a person back to ask again whether his own law is his own (Paper 3, §6).
The two halves are not two sets of law. Holding to anti-colonization inwardly and striving for cultivation outwardly come from one and the same recognition: oneself is an end, and others are ends too (Paper 6, §6).
D12 Hold to anti-colonization inwardly, strive for cultivation outwardly: inwardly the word is "hold to," because colonization can keep coming back; outwardly the word is "strive for," because cultivation depends on the other person and cannot be answered in his place. Both halves come from one and the same recognition: oneself is an end, and others are ends too.
Conclusion
This paper has set down five propositions. Taken together they say this. A person who lives by his own law may have a road behind him, on which he was pushed around by other people's rules and also used his own rules to push others around. Anti-colonization, in action, begins as a not-doing: not doing what others use to colonize him, and not taking as his own the views others use to colonize him; this not-doing does not need him to know his own law first. On such a road, not-doing comes first and recognizing his own cannot-not-doing comes after; this is an order along this road, not an entailment. On the premise that he still takes others as ends too, in recognizing his own he recognizes at the same time that another person's share can only be set by that person himself, and anti-colonization therefore also opposes the colonizing act that holds down another person's legislating for himself; what it opposes is that act: it does not judge a person's heart for him, does not legislate for him, and does not measure people by one's own rules. Hold to anti-colonization inwardly, strive for cultivation outwardly: these are two lines that run through the whole series, not a first half and a second half.
What this paper does not say is also recorded here. It gives no test for recognizing colonization: what to do when one cannot tell is a matter for Paper 3. The ways of opposing others being colonized are a matter for Paper 7 and Paper 9; not colonizing and cultivation are a matter for Paper 6.
The Five Propositions of This Paper
D8 A person who lives by his own law may have come by a road like this: he once lived by other people's rules, and once measured others by his own; this road is not used to rank people, and it is not one that everyone necessarily travels.
D9 Anti-colonization, in action, begins as a not-doing: not doing what others use to colonize him, and not taking as his own the views others use to colonize him; this not-doing does not need him to know first what his own law is.
D10 On such a road, not-doing comes first and recognizing his own cannot-not-doing comes after; this is an order along this road, not one thing entailing the other; what he recognizes is his own law.
D11 On the premise that he still takes others as ends too, in recognizing his own cannot-not-doing he recognizes at the same time that another person's share of cannot-not is not given by anyone else and can only be set by that person himself. Anti-colonization therefore does not stop at not being colonized oneself; it also opposes the colonizing act that holds down another person's legislating for himself. What it opposes is the act: it does not judge for another what he has inwardly accepted, does not legislate for him, and does not use this opposition to measure people by one's own rules.
D12 Hold to anti-colonization inwardly, strive for cultivation outwardly: inwardly the word is "hold to," because colonization can keep coming back; outwardly the word is "strive for," because cultivation depends on the other person and cannot be answered in his place. Both halves come from one and the same recognition: oneself is an end, and others are ends too.
Acknowledgments
This paper is the second in the Action Theory branch of the SAE (Self-as-an-End) philosophical system, and is signed by Han Qin alone. All philosophical argument and all decisions between alternatives were finally adjudicated by the author, who bears sole responsibility for the final text.
Drafting assistance and review were carried out with the help of large language models. Drafting and the internal precision audit were undertaken by Claude (Anthropic), and structural gatekeeping with pre-publication signature by ChatGPT (OpenAI); the first two review rounds of the series outline also included ontological-limit and contradiction detection and boundary testing, undertaken by Gemini (Google DeepMind) and Grok (xAI) respectively. The ten texts of the series received final review from the internal precision audit and the structural gate, followed by a check of every revised sentence. Thanks are due to these systems and to the research and engineering teams behind them. Their comments were adjudicated by the author item by item, and both what was adopted and what was rejected are on record.
This paper continues the standing product of an upstream-paraphrase audit table, comparing item by item what the paper says of upstream texts against their published wording. The record of revisions and withdrawals across the rounds of review is kept in the series outline and the review returns, and is not reproduced here. This English edition is an independent rewrite of the Chinese final text; a separate parity audit compared it with the Chinese paragraph by paragraph. The review markedly improved the precision and consistency of this paper, and thanks are due for it.
References
All works below are archived on Zenodo, with Chinese and English versions under the same record. The DOIs cited are concept DOIs, always pointing to the latest version; version numbers and access dates are therefore not given separately. All works are single-authored (Han Qin). Drafting and review assistance is described in the Acknowledgments.
The text restates upstream work in plain words, with the paper and proposition number, or the title of an unnumbered section, noted in parentheses at the place of use. Concept DOIs always point to the latest version, so proposition numbers may drift as upstream is renumbered. This paper's restatements are compared item by item with the upstream originals in its transcription audit table.
I · Works actually called upon in this text
Qin, H. (2026). One's Own Law: The SAE Critique of Ethics and Morality (SAE Foundational Paper A16) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19037566
Qin, H. (2026). On the Colonization of Value (SAE Value Theory, Paper 3) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21611154
Qin, H. (2026). On Value and the Other (SAE Value Theory, Paper 6) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22191071
Qin, H. (2026). Mixed Reality — The Intermediate State of 14DD Growing toward 15DD (SAE Moral Law, Paper 6) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20108658
Qin, H. (2026). The Institutional Architecture of Mixed Reality (SAE Moral Law, Paper 9) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20262737
Qin, H. (2026). Dimensional Sequence Economics in Mixed Markets: Remote Observation, Clustering, and Emergence (SAE Economics, Paper 3) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19384446
II · This series
Qin, H. (2026). What Action Is Not (SAE Action Theory, Prequel) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970747
Qin, H. (2026). Not Doing and Cannot-Not-Doing (SAE Action Theory, Paper 1) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970752
Qin, H. (2026). Is It Mine? (SAE Action Theory, Paper 3) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970762
Qin, H. (2026). Can and Cannot (SAE Action Theory, Paper 4) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970769
Qin, H. (2026). Developing One's Own Value (SAE Action Theory, Paper 5) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970771
Qin, H. (2026). Not Legislating for Others (SAE Action Theory, Paper 6) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970777
Qin, H. (2026). Living by One's Law in Mixed Reality (SAE Action Theory, Paper 7) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970781
Qin, H. (2026). Finding One Another (SAE Action Theory, Paper 8) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970783
Qin, H. (2026). One's Own Share of Strength, and Guarding (SAE Action Theory, Paper 9) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970787